Posted in December 2025
Micromobility+transit integration (Deelmobiliteit + OV =3)
Integration between legacy public transport and newer shared micromobility modes remains an area of uncertainty for US and European cities and public transport agencies, who wish to harness technology-enabled transportation modes to complement existing service and expand mobility for residents; with numerous available service and integration models, however, it remains unclear what program design and under what conditions fruitful integrations and partnerships may exist. Europe and the US remain dominant markets for still-emerging micromobility services, and while ample research has considered specific cases, few have examined programs across continents to advance understanding across contexts.
In this joint project of Oregon University (Urbanism Next Centre; Anne Brown) and TU Delft (Smart Public Transport Lab; Niels van Oort), the aim is to answer two research questions:
- What range of strategies have been implemented in Europe and the US to integrate
micromobility and public transport services (e.g., fare integration, free transfers,
collocating parking with stations etc.)? - What are the challenges and opportunities of different integration strategies from both city
and operator perspectives? How do these vary across contexts (e.g., land use, city size,
transit or micromobility mode)?
The collaborative research will use a combination of literature review and interviews with city,
micromobility operator, and public transport staff to document the types of integration strategies
implemented alongside known outcomes/evaluations to date and the challenges, opportunities,
and lessons learned from implementation efforts.
Find the findings in this journal paper: Strategies, opportunities, and challenges of integrating shared micromobility with public transport
Find an interview with Anne Brown in OV Magazine HERE (in Dutch), and an overview of the main findings HERE (Deelmobiliteit + OV =3).
Anne Brown was a visiting researcher at TU Delft in the Smart Public Transport Lab from January
to July 2025. Her research examines transportation equity, shared mobility and technology in
transportation (micromobility, ride-hail, microtransit, public transport), and travel behavior.
Collaborative research at TU Delft will focus on connections between micromobility and public
transport. Read more via https://anne-brown.com/research/
De H van Hoogwaardig OV
In de discussies over (de toekomst van) het ov in Nederland heeft de hoogwaardige bus, internationaal aangeduid als BHLS*, inmiddels een stevige plek verworven. Maar wat maakt een bus hoogwaardig, vroeg Youri Dekker zich af. En wat is de invloed van een specifieke huisstijl voor die hoogwaardigheid op de reiziger, maar ook op de logistiek? Samen met EBS en het Smart Public Transport Lab van de TU Delft deed hij onderzoek. “We moeten waken dat we niet alles hoogwaardig noemen en vervolgens niet de bijpassende kwaliteit leveren”.
Lees het hele artikel in OV magazine HIER
Lees het hele onderzoeksrapport HIER
Er is ook een CVS-congres presentatie en paper beschikbaar
* zie het boek Betere Bus
The future of (public) transport
With the team of the TU Delft Mobilisers, we developed 4 future mobility scenarios. These scenarios are no predictions or desired future, but a framework to discuss future directions, shaping the future of mobility, and innovation, research and education agendas accordingly. Find the report HERE.
In addition to the general scenario description, the 12 Mobilisers, from 6 faculties, also wrote perspectives on their own domains. Read my perspectives on public transport and shared mobility HERE or in the infographic. Sources are accessible via the links below the figure.
Relevant research papers/books:
Integrated shared micromobility+transit
Mbugua, W., D. Duives, J.A. Annema, N. van Oort (2025), Societal costs and benefits analysis of integrating bike-sharing systems with public transport: A case study of the public transport bike (‘OV-fiets’) in the Netherlands, Case studies on transport policy.
Spierenburg, L., H. van Lint, N. van Oort (2024), Synergizing cycling and transit: Strategic placement of cycling infrastructure to enhance job accessibility, Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 116.
On demand mobility
Geržinič, N., O. Cats, N. van Oort, S. Hoogendoorn-Lanser & S.P Hoogendoorn (2023) What is the market potential for on-demand services as a train station access mode?, Transportmetrica A: Transport Science.
Coutinho, F.M., van Oort, N., Christoforou, Z., Alonso-González, M.J., Cats, O., Hoogendoorn, S.(2020), Impacts of replacing a fixed public transport line by a demand responsive transport system: Case study of a rural area in Amsterdam, Research in Transportation Economics, art. no. 100910.
Inclusive mobility
Bon, T., M. Bruno, N. van Oort (2025), Three-dimensional transport poverty and its socio-demographic and urban density predictors: Spatial regression analyses of neighborhoods in the Amsterdam metropolitan area, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Volume 29.
Bruno, M., Kouwenberg, M., & van Oort, N. (2024). Evaluating How Transportation Policy Addresses Transport Related Social Exclusion: A Novel Method Applied to the Amsterdam Transport Region. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Volume 26
Mobility hubs and shared mobility
Torabi, F., Y. Araghi, N. van Oort, S.P. Hoogendoorn (2025), A latent class approach to explore shared mobility among older people in Midsized Dutch inner cities, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Volume 33.
Van der Linden, H., G. Correia, N. van Oort, S. Koster, M. Legêne, M. Kroesen (2025), Driving factors behind station-based car sharing adoption: Discovering distinct user profiles through a latent class cluster analysis, Transport Policy, Volume 162, P. 232-241.
Xanthopoulos, S., M. van der Tuin, S. Sharif Azadeh, G. Correia, N. van Oort, M. Snelder (2024), Optimization of the location and capacity of shared multimodal mobility hubs to maximize travel utility in urban areas, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 179.
BRT and light rail
Van der Bijl, R. and N. van Oort (2024), Betere Bus, Acquire Publishing
Van der Bijl, R., N. van Oort, B. Bukman (2018), Light Rail Transit Systems: 61 Lessons in Sustainable Urban Development, Elsevier.
Find more research (results) related to key concepts that play a role in (some of) these scenarios: