Posted in September 2024

From abroad, people often look enviously at the success of the Dutch integration of cycling and public transport, where the best of both worlds come together. Not only for the first miles to the station, but also for the final part of the journey, thanks to the availability of shared bikes. Watetu Mbugua, who came from Kenya to study in Delft, was surprised at how relatively little people knew about this success. That’s why she conducted research in the Smart Public Transport Lab into the societal costs and benefits of this combination, using the “OV-fiets” (public transport bike operated by the Dutch Railways (NS)) as a case study.

By: Niels van Oort (Article translated from Dutch, see OVMagazine.nl)

“The research started with an extensive search in international literature on all the aspects that contribute to the (societal) costs and benefits,” says the Kenyan. “Based on the 14 most important factors, I then looked for data to quantify the effects of OV-fiets for the past 20 years and monetize them. It was a painstaking task, but I’m proud that I succeeded.”

Mirjam Borsboom from the cycling policy team of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management confirms the international interest. “On average, the Netherlands receives more than four (!) requests per day from around the world, asking about cycling. Especially about cycling infrastructure, culture, and incentive projects. In large cities, the bike+public transport combination is particularly popular, leading to many questions, for example, about bike parking at public transport stations.”

Mbugua found that the benefits regarding accessibility were especially large, followed by congestion reduction and health benefits. On average, the benefits were 50% higher than the costs, such as investment and operational expenses. To avoid overly optimistic results, she worked with ranges and sensitivity analyses. “In every scenario, we actually see that the benefits outweigh the costs, even when very conservative assumptions are applied, such as the shift from car to bike+public transport.” In some cases, the benefits were as much as 2.5 times higher than the costs, making it a clearly socially responsible investment. “In the Netherlands, cycling is already very common, so the potential in other countries could be even greater,” Mbugua expects.

That is also where Borsboom sees the main value of this study: “Not only to further apply and improve the Dutch bike+public transport system but also to assist other countries in setting up similar systems.” As far as Mbugua is concerned, the Netherlands should be more proud of its existing bicycle+public transport system. She sees room for improvement particularly in high-quality bus and light rail connections, where shared bikes play only a minor role. “The potential to apply this success abroad is huge, but attention to road safety is crucial. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, cycling often comes with high risks due to a lack of safe infrastructure,” she concludes.

The full research can be read at https://repository.tudelft.nl/record/uuid:70ca79cc-d6de-47c3-a707-88068d233008